Patrick Janson
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Good Morning. Veeah,
I'm happy to look into this. I myself am a music braillist, so welcome to that club, too!
Your message said, "The following song I have included..." but I don't see an attachment. Would you please be able to submit it so I can look over the modified characters?
Patrick, Chair of the FL Committee
Hi Jan,
Code switch indicators in FL materials are only needed when context and format are not sufficient to let the reader know of a shift in language. They are rarely used. In most FL materials, difference of typeforms, inserting a colon, or indentations in format are enough. In cases where they are not, follow these guidelines as prescribed in The Rules of UEB, Section 14.2 and 14.3.
Let me know if you need more specifics! If you attach a pdf, I would be able to help more.
Patrick
Hi Kimberly,
I asked friend and FL expert Rebecca Sherwood to look this over with me, and we feel you have used the typeforms properly. Since we aren't using the typeform indicators from World Braille Usage, and we're not allowed to use UEB signs within the non-UEB Code Switch Indicators, the italics must go outside the Code Switch Indicators.
Best,
Patrick
Hi Cindy,
So sorry for the delayed response, but I will endeavor to answer. There is no official document for Latin braille alphabet and signs. It is the general belief that the intent behind the prohibition on hybridizing is for the main foreign language. As the Latin here is the secondary language, it is acceptable to use the UEB macron before the "o" in "persone".
The rules are trying to prevent the transcriber from combining UEB letter modifiers and foreign language code sign in a single language such as Spanish.
Patrick
Hi Kim,
Assuming you are using Method 1 (UEB Accents and Contractions in Anglicized Words), you would use the standard UEB contractions you might expect. I typed both words into Braille2000 to see what would happen. That gave me P(en)(sion)e and (St)azione. The "one" contraction did not appear in the second word, likely because of pronunciation. If you used "one" in the first word, it would result in one extra cell.
I would go P(en)(sion)e and (St)azione.
Be well,
Patrick
Hi Clara,
Sorry for the delay, but I wanted to communicate with some committee members as a Foreign Language guidebook has yet to be published to handle such matters. Our consensus is:
Since the book seems to be all in Spanish, the same rules apply to English and single letters: any letter such as "y" that can be misread as a word in Spanish should have a grade one indicator. So, yes on "y" and no on "x".
Hope that helps!
Patrick
Hi Somer.
You have two choices in this case:
1) You can use the "underline symbol indicator" (dots 456, 23) which tells the reader the following symbol is underlined in print.
2) If you want to list it among other language symbols, you can create a transcriber-defined modifier, such as those found in Section 4.2 on page 42 of "Rules of UEB".
Either way, please make sure you define the symbol you use as a modifier on the Special Symbols page. Hope that helped!
Patrick
Hi Carmen,
Thanks for your patience. I consulted two other FL experts and we put our heads together. Our thoughts are these: for the TOC, if you are using the bold emphasis on the Spanish, it will be clear to the reader that the non-bold is English. If you didn’t want to use all the bold on Spanish sentences in the TOC, it would be permissible to reverse the emphasis and add it on the English terms. Either way, the emphasis in print (or the one you create) should make it clear to the reader.
As for the accents in other “front matter” materials such as Author/Reviewer lists (oh, I guess you revised your question but I'll answer it anyway), we are suggesting you use UEB modifiers. The Spanish modifiers can be saved for reading/learning portions of the text.
Best,
Patrick
Hi Cindi!A grade 1 indicator is not necessary because the foreign language is in grade 1, uncontracted braille as you mentioned. It should be clear to the reader that they are in uncontracted braille if the foreign words are distinguished either with a typeform indicator or the text specifically identifies the material as foreign, etc. It does not matter that the surrounding English words are in contracted braille. If there were superscript symbols after any English words, they would require the grade 1 symbol indicator. The use or non-use of the g1 symbol indicator is determined by the word to which it applies.Patrick, Foreign Language Chair
